---

[When …] … [… wor]ld quarters […] … a low person was put in charge of his country, but he set [a (…) counter]feit over them. He ma[de] a counterfeit of Esagil [and …] … for Ur and the rest of the cult-cities. Rites inappropriate to them, [impure] fo[od- offerings …] [dis]respectful […] were daily gabbled, and, intolerably, he brought the daily offerings to a halt; he inter[fered with the rites and] instituted […] within the sanctuaries. In his mind, reverential fear of Marduk, king of the gods, ca[me to an e]nd. He did yet more evil to his city every day; … his [people…], he brought ruin on them all by a yoke without relief. Enlil-of-the-gods became extremely angry at their complaints, and […] their territory. The gods who lived within them left their shrines, angry that he had made them enter into Babylon (Shuanna). Ex[alted Marduk, Enlil-of-the-Go]ds, relented. He changed his mind about all the settlements whose sanctuaries were in ruins and the population of the land of Sumer and Akkad who had become like corpses, and took pity on them. He inspected and checked all the countries, seeking for the upright king of his choice. He took under his hand Cyrus, king of the city of Anshan, and called him by his name, proclaiming him aloud for the kingship over all of everything. He made the land of the Qutu and all the Medean troops prostrate themselves at his feet, while he looked out in justice and righteousness for the black-headed people whom he had put under his care. Marduk, the great lord, who nurtures his people, saw with pleasure his fine deeds and true heart and ordered that he should go to his city, Babylon. He had him take the road to Tintir, and, like a friend and companion, he walked at his side. His vast troops whose number, like the water in a river, could not be counted, marched fully-armed at his side. He had him enter without fighting or battle right into Shuanna; he saved his city Babylon from hardship. He handed over to him Nabonidus, the king who did not fear him. All the people of Tintir, of all Sumer and Akkad, nobles and governors, bowed down before him and kissed his feet, rejoicing over his kingship and their faces shone. The lord through whose trust all were rescued from death and who saved them all from distress and hardship, they blessed him sweetly and praised his name.

I am Cyrus, king of the universe, the great king, the powerful king, king of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of the four quarters of the world, son of Cambyses, the great king,, king of the city of Anshan, grandson of Cyrus, the great king, ki[ng of the ci]ty of Anshan, descendant of Teispes, the great king, king of Anshan, the perpetual seed of kingship, whose reign Bel and Nabu love, and with whose kingship, to their joy, they concern themselves.

When I went as harbinger of peace i[nt]o Babylon I founded my sovereign residence within the royal palace amid celebration and rejoicing. Marduk, the great lord, bestowed on me as my destiny the great magnanimity of one who loves Babylon, and I every day sought him out in awe. My vast troops marched peaceably in Babylon, and the whole of [Sumer] and Akkad had nothing to fear. I sought the welfare of the city of Babylon and all its sanctuaries. As for the population of Babylon […, w]ho as if without div[ine intention] had endured a yoke not decreed for them, I soothed their weariness, I freed them from their bonds(?). Marduk, the great lord, rejoiced at [my good] deeds, and he pronounced a sweet blessing over me, Cyrus, the king who fears him, and over Cambyses, the son [my] issue, [and over] my all my troops, that we might proceed further at his exalted [command]. All kings who sit on thrones, from every quarter, from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea, those who inhabit [remote distric]ts (and) the kings of the land of Amurru who live in tents, all of them, brought their weighty tribute into Shuanna, and kissed my feet. From [Shuanna] I sent back to their places to the city of Ashur and Susa, Akkad, the land of Eshnunna, the city of Zamban, the city of Meturnu, Der, as far as the border of the land of Qutu – the sanctuaries across the river Tigris – whose shrines had earlier become dilapidated, the gods who lived therein, and made permanent sanctuaries for them. I collected together all of their people and returned them to their settlements, and the gods of the land of Sumer and Akkad which Nabonidus – to the fury of the lord of the gods – had brought into Shuanna, at the command of Marduk, the great lord, I returned them unharmed to their cells, in the sanctuaries that make them happy. May all the gods that I returned to their sanctuaries, every day before Marduk and Nabu, ask for a long life for me, and mention my good deeds, and say to Marduk, my lord, this: “Cyrus, the king who fears you, and Cambyses his son, may their … […] […….].” The population of Babylon call blessings on my kingship, and I have enabled all the lands to live in peace. Every day I copiously supplied [… ge]ese, two ducks and ten pigeons more than the geese, ducks and pigeons […]. I sought out to strengthen the guard on the wall Imgur-Enlil, the great wall of Babylon, and […] the quay of baked brick on the bank of the moat which an earlier king had bu[ilt but not com]pleted, [I …] its work. [… which did not surround the city] outside, which no earlier king had built, his troops, the levee from [his land, in/to] Shuanna. [… with bitume]n and baked brick I built anew, and [completed its wor]k. […] great [doors of cedarwood] with copper cladding. [I installed all] their doors, threshold sla[bs and door fittings with copper par]ts. […] I s[aw within it] an inscription of Ashurbanipal, a king who preceded me, […] … […] … [… for] ever.

http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=327188&partId=1

ترجمه ایروینگ فینکل از منشور کورش - از زبان بابلی به انگلیسی - را دكتر شاهرخ رزمجو، به فارسی برگردانده است.

http://www.britishmuseum.org/PDF/cyrus_cylinder_translation_persian_v2.pdf

 

منابع

• ابن خلدون: ضبط المتن و وضع الحواشی و الفهارس
• ابوریحان بیرونی: آثارالباقیه عن القرون الخالیه
• ویلیام دورانت، تاریخ تمدن، مشرق گهواره تمدن
• رضا مرادی غیاث آبادی، منشور کورش هخامنشی
• رضا مرادی غیاث‌آبادی: کورش برای برخی یک ابزار است
• محمد ابراهیم باستانی پاریزی، کورش در روایات ایرانی
• فریدون بدره‌ای، کورش کبیر در قرآن و عهد عتیق
• هارولد لمب، کورش کبیر، ترجمه دکتر رضا‌زاده شفق
• آملی کورت، هخامنشیان، ترجمه مرتضی ثاقب فر
• هرودوت، تاریخ هرودوت، ترجمه مرتضی ثاقب فر
• مسعود لقمان: گفتگو با دکتر عبدالمجید ارفعی (اولین مترجم منشور کورش)
• حسن پیرنیا، تاریخ ایران باستان، جلد اول
• گزنفون. زندگی کورش، ترجمه ابوالحسن تهامی
• حسن رضائی باغ‌بیدی: درباره‌ی نام کورش
• یزدان صفایی: کورش یا کوروش؟
• مجلّه صدای شرق، ۱۹۸۲، شماره ۷، کتیبه داریوش در بیستون،
• گیرشمن، ایران از آغاز تا اسلام، ترجمه محمد معین
• جلال خالقی مطلق. مجلهٔ ایران‌شناسی. سال هفتم، بهار ١٣٧۴
• شاهنامه فردوسی
• امیر مهدی بدیع، یونانیان و بربرها
• فوتیوس، خلاصه تاریخ کتزیاس از کورش تا اردشیر، ترجمه کامیاب خلیلی
• م. داندامایف، ایران در دوران نخستین پادشاهان هخامنشی
• منشور کورش بزرگ در موزه بریتانیا
• برگردان منشور کورش Cyrus Cylinder به پارسی (سه ترجمه) ‌دکتر عبدالمجید ارفعی، دکتر رضا مرادی غیاث آبادی و دکتر شاهرخ رزمجو
• نوشته‌های خودم در ویکیپدیا 

• Arnold, Bill T.; Michalowski, "Achaemenid Period Historical Texts Concerning Mesopotamia".
• Kuhrt, Amélie (1983). "The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid imperial policy". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
• Rawlinson, H. C. (1880). "Notes on a newly-discovered clay Cylinder of Cyrus the Great". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 12.
• Walker, C.B.F. "A recently identified fragment of the Cyrus Cylinder". Iran : journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies
• Schmitt, Rüdiger. “CYRUS i. The Name”. In Encyclopædia Iranica.

...

سایت همنشین بهار

http://www.hamneshinbahar.net